Fauna & flora

…cular natural environment. You will discover the island's iconic animals, from colorful birds to fascinating marine creatures, as well as the ecosystems that shelter them and the initiatives put in place to protect them. Whether you are curious, passionate, or a traveler in search of authenticity, let yourself be inspired.

Exceptional biodiversity in a tropical setting

Imagine an island where every corner tells a fascinating natural history. What if you could explore a world where the air is filled with the buzzing of insects and the song of tropical birds? Guadeloupe is a sanctuary home to more than 300 species of birds, amazing reptiles such as the Caribbean iguana, and majestic marine mammals such as dolphins and whales. Under your feet? Lush forests covering nearly 30% of the archipelago, offering enchanting trails where the trees seem to whisper to each other.

And underwater? Dive into the coral reefs: these veritable underwater cities are home to multicolored fish and even sea turtles. Whether hiking or snorkeling, let yourself be surprised. A tip? Guadeloupe National Park, recognized as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO, is a must-see for discovering this diversity, so get your binoculars and your curiosity ready !

The secret to this lushness? Average temperatures of 23 to 30°C, high humidity, rainfall ranging from 1,500 to 2,500 mm/year, and varied soils, between the volcanoes of Basse-Terre and the limestone plateaus of Grande-Terre. A perfect combination for ferns, trees, cacti, birds, and reptiles to coexist, each finding its own corner of paradise.

Guadeloupe's iconic ecosystems: forests, mangroves, and coral reefs

Guadeloupe's ecosystems embody a precious harmony between land and sea, a natural wealth that deserves your full attention.

• The tropical forests of Basse-Terre, covering approximately 40,000 hectares, are home to exceptional flora and fauna: tree ferns, majestic vines, and wild orchids grow alongside animals such as the anole and the famous hummingbird. These forests also play a crucial role in regulating the climate and preserving freshwater.
• Along the coastline, mangroves, which act as natural barriers against erosion, are vital wetlands for many species, particularly juvenile fish. These ecosystems, which cover approximately 3,000 hectares, offer unique landscapes and protect coastal communities from storms.
• Beneath the turquoise waters, coral reefs display a fascinating diversity. They are home to thousands of species, including more than 300 varieties of fish, and contribute to the overall ecological balance. They also act as a natural barrier against destructive waves. Consider visiting the Cousteau Reserve, a popular diving spot, to observe these wonders.

Exploring these ecosystems means understanding their essential role for the archipelago and for our planet. Respect these areas, as they are as fragile as they are indispensable.

Protecting the archipelago's natural wealth : challenges and local initiatives

Guadeloupe is a treasure trove of biodiversity, but preserving it requires concerted and responsible action. Island ecosystems, although rich, are particularly fragile in the face of human pressure and climate change. For example, coral reefs, which are home to nearly 25% of the world's marine biodiversity, are facing significant threats such as warming waters and pollution.

Local initiatives, such as those in Guadeloupe National Park, are essential for raising awareness among residents and visitors about the importance of conservation. This park manages more than 17,000 hectares of land and sea, providing a protected environment for endemic and endangered species. Projects such as monitoring sea turtle populations and restoring mangroves demonstrate a strong commitment to preserving these treasures.

Every action counts: avoiding plastic waste, staying on marked trails, and choosing eco-friendly activities can reduce environmental impact. It is crucial to adopt an ethical approach when exploring these unique places. Together, visitors and locals can become guardians of this precious natural environment, ensuring that it continues to enchant future generations.

Which animals can be safely observed in Guadeloupe ?

Guadeloupe offers a natural environment where animals can be observed in complete safety, thanks to the absence of dangerous or poisonous species. Among the land mammals, the raccoon, or Guadeloupe raccoon, is an iconic animal that you will often encounter in the wetlands and forests of Guadeloupe National Park. This small, curious, and harmless carnivore is a pleasure to observe in its natural habitat.

As for birds, the Madeira hummingbird, a true acrobat of the skies, and the Guadeloupe woodpecker, endemic to the archipelago, can easily be admired in botanical gardens or tropical forests. These species add a touch of colorful magic to Guadeloupe's landscapes. For marine wildlife enthusiasts, sea turtles, particularly green turtles, can be seen while diving or on boat trips. These fascinating creatures, although protected, are often curious about visitors.

Finally, the iguana, with its prehistoric appearance, is another must-see, but always from a distance to respect its space. These safe and enriching encounters make each excursion unique and memorable.

What are the iconic birds of Guadeloupe?

Guadeloupe is a true paradise for birdwatchers, with several iconic bird species that embody the richness and diversity of the archipelago. Among them, the Madeira hummingbird is undoubtedly the most famous. With its iridescent feathers and ability to hover, it is often seen in botanical gardens and rainforests, feeding on the nectar of tropical flowers.

Another local symbol, the Guadeloupe woodpecker, also known as the "tapeur," is an endemic species recognizable by its black plumage adorned with bright red. It inhabits dense forests and mangroves, playing an essential role in the ecosystem by controlling insect populations.

The coastal areas are home to the majestic brown pelican, often seen gliding above the water or resting on coastal rocks. Finally, the mangroves are home to many herons, such as the cattle egret, which play an active role in regulating aquatic ecosystems.

Observing these birds in their natural habitat is a unique experience that requires discretion and respect. Bring binoculars and enjoy the incredible spectacle that this birdlife offers throughout the year.

How can you observe Guadeloupe's flora and fauna ?

Are you afraid of venturing down an unknown path, of mistaking one leaf for another, of not knowing where to step without disturbing the fragile balance of this plant and animal world ? The local guide is there, boots on his feet, a calm smile on his face, knowing every corner of the forest as if he had grown up among the ferns and mossy trunks.

Nothing is trivial in his company: observing a Balisier with red and orange bracts, distinguishing an Alpinia from another tropical ginger, identifying the Guadeloupe woodpecker just by the sound of its beak hammering on the bark. The guide knows the frequency of birdsong, the flowering period of plants, the spot where Zèb à pik grows, a medicinal herb that the elders speak of with respect. He will show you how to extract a soothing infusion from it, tell you the legend of a hundred-year-old tree, and discuss the crucial role of the Lesser Antilles iguana and the threats it faces.

You smell the damp scent of the forest, hear the whisper of the wind in the leaves, follow his finger pointing to a hummingbird feeding on a scarlet Alpinia. You could almost forget where you are, so absorbed are you in this spectacle. He forgets nothing. He knows the best time to catch a woodpecker, the right season to bite into a ripe Mirobolan fruit, the exact spot where the Englishman's head cactus stands out with its strange silhouette.